在Linux上安装Chef工作站

下载 ChefDK

ChefDK是Chef Development Kit的缩写，它几乎用于所有的平台，包括基于Debian发行版、Ubuntu、RedHat、CentOS、Mac OS X和Windows。当前ChefDK的稳定版本是0.11.2，对于基于RHEL的系统，它可用于版本 6 和 7(如： CentOS 6 和 CentOS 7)，RPM版本只有64位版本。

使用以下命令下载ChefDK
在CentOS 7上

cd ~  wget https://packages.chef.io/stable/el/7/chefdk-0.11.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm  

在CentOS 6上

cd ~  wget https://packages.chef.io/stable/el/6/chefdk-0.11.2-1.el6.x86_64.rpm  

安装 ChefDK

使用RPM安装刚刚下载的ChefDK

# rpm -ivh chefdk-0.11.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm  Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]  Updating / installing...     1:chefdk-0.11.2-1.el7              ################################# [100%]  Thank you for installing Chef Development Kit!  

ChefDK默认安装到/opt/chefdk目录下，如下所示

# ls -l /opt/chefdk/  drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Mar  3 13:50 bin  drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root    62 Mar  3 13:50 embedded  -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 13249 Feb 22 14:26 version-manifest.json  -rw-r--r--. 1 root root  8233 Feb 22 14:26 version-manifest.txt  

验证ChefDK的安装

执行chef verify，验证所有来自ChefDK的不同组件，确保他们都工作正常，没有任何问题

# chef verify  Running verification for component 'berkshelf'  Running verification for component 'test-kitchen'  Running verification for component 'tk-policyfile-provisioner'  Running verification for component 'chef-client'  Running verification for component 'chef-dk'  Running verification for component 'chef-provisioning'  Running verification for component 'chefspec'  Running verification for component 'generated-cookbooks-pass-chefspec'  Running verification for component 'rubocop'  Running verification for component 'fauxhai'  Running verification for component 'knife-spork'  Running verification for component 'kitchen-vagrant'  Running verification for component 'package installation'  Running verification for component 'openssl'  Running verification for component 'inspec'  .......  ---------------------------------------------  Verification of component 'test-kitchen' succeeded.  Verification of component 'chef-dk' succeeded.  Verification of component 'chefspec' succeeded.  Verification of component 'rubocop' succeeded.  Verification of component 'knife-spork' succeeded.  Verification of component 'openssl' succeeded.  Verification of component 'berkshelf' succeeded.  Verification of component 'chef-client' succeeded.  Verification of component 'fauxhai' succeeded.  Verification of component 'inspec' succeeded.  Verification of component 'tk-policyfile-provisioner' succeeded.  Verification of component 'kitchen-vagrant' succeeded.  Verification of component 'chef-provisioning' succeeded.  Verification of component 'package installation' succeeded.  Verification of component 'generated-cookbooks-pass-chefspec' succeeded.  

下面是chef verify失败的案例。注意：Ruby在Chef中是必须的，它被嵌入在了ChefDK中。

# chef verify  ..  /opt/chefdk/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/mixlib-shellout-2.2.6/lib/mixlib/shellout.rb:289:in `invalid!': Expected process to exit with [0], but received '1' (Mixlib::ShellOut::ShellCommandFailed)  ---- Begin output of /usr/bin/ohai -v ----  STDOUT:  STDERR: /opt/chefdk/embedded/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/dependency.rb:319:in `to_specs': Could not find 'chef-config' (= 12.8.0) - did find: [chef-config-12.7.2] (Gem::LoadError)  

以上错误信息显示：“Could not find ‘chef-config’ (= 12.8.0) – did find: [chef-config-12.7.2] (Gem::LoadError)”，在安装的ChefDK中chef-config的版本是12.7.2的旧版本，在手动安装chef-confg 12.8.0版本后再执行chef verify，显示验证成功。

验证ChefDK版本

执行 chef -version命令，显示ChefDK的版本号以及所有附带组件

# chef --version  Chef Development Kit Version: 0.11.2  chef-client version: 12.7.2  berks version: 4.2.0  kitchen version: 1.5.0  

设置Chef 环境变量

设置Chef相关的环境变量，如：GEM_ROOT GEM_HOME GEM_PATH。

export GEM_ROOT="/opt/chefdk/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0"  export GEM_HOME="/root/.chefdk/gem/ruby/2.1.0"  export GEM_PATH="/root/.chefdk/gem/ruby/2.1.0:/opt/chefdk/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0"  

此外，如果你的系统上已经安装了ruby，你需要更新与ruby相关的PATH变量，如下所示

export PATH="/opt/chefdk/bin:/root/.chefdk/gem/ruby/2.1.0/bin:/opt/chefdk/embedded/bin:/opt/chefdk/bin:/root/.chefdk/gem/ruby/2.1.0/bin:/opt/chefdk/embedded/bin:/opt/chefdk/bin:/root/.chefdk/gem/ruby/2.1.0/bin:/opt/chefdk/embedded/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin"  

显示所有Chef设置的环境变量。

chef shell-init bash  

想要快速设置这些环境变量，可以将其添加到bash_profile文件中，如下所示。

echo 'eval "$(chef shell-init bash)"' >> ~/.bash_profile  

访问Chef的Firewalld规则

为了访问Chef服务器上的Chef Manage GUI，添加以下firewalld规则，开放Chef服务器上的相应端口。

firewall-cmd --direct  --add-rule ipv4   filter INPUT_direct 0 -i eth0 -p tcp    --dport 443 -j ACCEPT    firewall-cmd --direct  --add-rule ipv4   filter INPUT_direct 0 -i eth0 -p tcp    --dport 80 -j ACCEPT    firewall-cmd --direct  --add-rule ipv4   filter INPUT_direct 0 -i eth0 -p tcp    --dport 9683 -j ACCEPT    firewall-cmd --reload  

从Chef Manage GUI下载Starter Kit

登录到Chef Manage GUI，单击“Administration”选项，从列表中选择“organization”。此例中，“organization”为“example”，选中organization之后，点击左侧菜单中的“Starter Kit”。

按下“Download（下载）”按钮之后，会跳出一个警告信息，按下“Proceed”，它会将chef-starter.zip文件下载到本地机器。

解压缩 Starter Kit

将chef-starter.zip文件传输到Chef工作站并解压到root的home目录下

# cd ~  # unzip chef-starter.zip  Archive:  chef-starter.zip     creating: chef-repo/cookbooks/     creating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/     creating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/templates/     creating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/templates/default/    inflating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/templates/default/sample.erb     creating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/files/     creating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/files/default/    inflating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/files/default/sample.txt     creating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/recipes/    inflating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/recipes/default.rb     creating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/attributes/    inflating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/attributes/default.rb    inflating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/metadata.rb    inflating: chef-repo/cookbooks/chefignore    inflating: chef-repo/README.md    inflating: chef-repo/.gitignore     creating: chef-repo/.chef/     creating: chef-repo/roles/    inflating: chef-repo/.chef/knife.rb    inflating: chef-repo/roles/starter.rb    inflating: chef-repo/.chef/ramesh.pem    inflating: chef-repo/.chef/example-validator.pem  

如果你手动创建了chef-repo文件夹，那你就需要手动创建上述的子目录，复制knife.rb文件、organization-validator.pem文件（如：example-validator.pem）、username.pem文件（如：ramesh.pem）到上面显示的目录中。

Chef服务器的SSL证书

在这个阶段如果执行knife client list会得到以下错误信息

# cd ~/chef-repo  # knife client list  ERROR: SSL Validation failure connecting to host: centos.example.com - SSL_connect returned=1 errno=0 state=error: certificate verify failed  ERROR: Could not establish a secure connection to the server.  Use `knife ssl check` to troubleshoot your SSL configuration.  If your Chef Server uses a self-signed certificate, you can use  `knife ssl fetch` to make knife trust the server's certificates.    Original Exception: OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError: SSL Error connecting to https://centos.example.com/organizations/example/clients - SSL_connect returned=1 errno=0 state=error: certificate verify failed  

证书验证失败，因为我们没有从Chef服务器下载SSL证书，此时可以执行以下“knife ssl fetch”。

# cd ~/chef-repo  # knife ssl fetch  WARNING: Certificates from centos.example.com will be fetched and placed in your trusted_cert  directory (/root/chef-repo/.chef/trusted_certs).    Knife has no means to verify these are the correct certificates. You should  verify the authenticity of these certificates after downloading.  

证书将会下载到以下truster_certs目录中

# ls -l /root/chef-repo/.chef/trusted_certs  -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1379 Mar 20 20:17 centos_example_com.crt    # cat /root/chef-repo/.chef/trusted_certs/centos_example_com.crt  -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----  MIIDzDCCArSgAwIBAgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADBRMQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzEQ  MA4GA1UECgwHWW91Q29ycDETMBEGA1UECwwKT3BlcmF0aW9uczEbMBkGA1UEAwwS  ZXJhdGlvbnMxGzAZBgNVBAMMEmNlbnRvcy5leGFtcGxlLmNvbTCCASIwDQYJKoZI  ..  ..  WLyr2ORLMcck/OGsubabO/koMNTqhl2JJPECNiDJh06MeZ/2+BOwGZSpXDbw+vFE  NJAsLfsTzihGWZ58einMFA==  -----END CERTIFICATE-----  

Chef工作站的最终确认

如果Chef工作站工作正常，当你执行“knife client list”时，它会显示所有连接工作站的客户端。由于我们刚刚安装它，因此只能看到刚刚我们创建的组织（organization）

# cd ~/chef-repo    # knife client list  example-validator  

如果你现有的Chef工作站机器上已经有5个服务器连接到它了，你会看到以下信息

# knife client list  example-validator  node1  node2  node3  node4  node5  

原文来自：http://www.thegeekstuff.com/作者：Ramesh Natarajan

原创：https://www.linuxprobe.com/chef-workstation-install-linux/译者：烨子

本文地址：https://www.linuxprobe.com/chef-workstation-install-linux.html

本文原创地址：https://www.linuxprobe.com/chef-workstation-install-linux.html编辑：清蒸github，审核员：暂无