Ubuntu的apt-file解决依赖问题

文章目录

[隐藏]

• 1. 背景
• 2. 安装
• 3. 搜索缺少的文件
• 4. 列出包中的文件
• 5. 其它系统

1. 背景

平常我们在安装应用时，经常会碰到缺少各种文件、依赖等问题，例如缺少.so文件。Ubuntu中提供了一个强大的工具apt-file来查找依赖。最适合的场景是在Docker中使用，因为Docker Image的系统通常是Ubuntu。

2. 安装

apt-file的安装命令如下：

# Install  $ apt-get update  $ apt-get install apt-file  # Update apt-file  $ apt-file update  

3. 搜索缺少的文件

如果缺少cv.py文件，则搜索cv.py文件，apt-file会列出包含cv.py的包，发现需要的包是python-opencv，然后安装ython-opencv。

# 命令格式  $ apt-file seach [filename]  # Demo  $ apt-file search cv.py  gnuradio: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gnuradio/analog/wfm_rcv.py  gnuradio: /usr/share/gnuradio/examples/uhd/usrp_am_mw_rcv.py  gnuradio: /usr/share/gnuradio/examples/uhd/usrp_nbfm_rcv.py  gnuradio: /usr/share/gnuradio/examples/uhd/usrp_tv_rcv.py  gnuradio: /usr/share/gnuradio/examples/uhd/usrp_wfm_rcv.py  gnuradio: /usr/share/gnuradio/examples/uhd/usrp_wxapt_rcv.py  libqpid-proton2-dev-examples: /usr/share/proton-0.10/examples/python/db_recv.py  libqpid-proton2-dev-examples: /usr/share/proton-0.10/examples/python/direct_recv.py  libqpid-proton2-dev-examples: /usr/share/proton-0.10/examples/python/messenger/recv.py  libqpid-proton2-dev-examples: /usr/share/proton-0.10/examples/python/reactor/recv.py  libqpid-proton2-dev-examples: /usr/share/proton-0.10/examples/python/selected_recv.py  libqpid-proton2-dev-examples: /usr/share/proton-0.10/examples/python/simple_recv.py  libqpid-proton2-dev-examples: /usr/share/proton-0.10/examples/python/tx_recv.py  lowpan-test-tools: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/lowpan-tools/test_recv.py  python-kivy: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/kivy/core/camera/camera_opencv.py  python-mvpa2-doc: /usr/share/doc/python-mvpa2-doc/examples/nested_cv.py  python-opencv: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cv.py  python-pyavm: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pyavm/cv.py  python-pysnmp4: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pysnmp/entity/rfc3413/ntfrcv.py  python-pysnmp4: /usr/share/pyshared/pysnmp/entity/rfc3413/ntfrcv.py  python-pysnmp4-doc: /usr/share/doc/python-pysnmp4-doc/examples/v1arch/manager/ntfrcv.py  python-scapy: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/scapy/sendrecv.py  python-scapy: /usr/share/pyshared/scapy/sendrecv.py  python3-kivy: /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/kivy/core/camera/camera_opencv.py  python3-pyavm: /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pyavm/cv.py  python3-pysnmp4: /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pysnmp/entity/rfc3413/ntfrcv.py  

4. 列出包中的文件

查看python-opencv中的文件。

# 命令格式  $ apt-file list [package name]  # Demo  $ apt-file list python-opencv  python-opencv: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cv.py  python-opencv: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cv2.x86_64-linux-gnu.so  python-opencv: /usr/share/doc/python-opencv/changelog.Debian.gz  python-opencv: /usr/share/doc/python-opencv/copyright  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/__init__.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/cfg/CamShiftConfig.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/cfg/ContourMomentsConfig.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/cfg/ConvexHullConfig.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/cfg/EdgeDetectionConfig.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/cfg/FBackFlowConfig.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/cfg/FaceDetectionConfig.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/cfg/FindContoursConfig.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/cfg/GeneralContoursConfig.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/cfg/GoodfeatureTrackConfig.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/cfg/HoughCirclesConfig.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/cfg/HoughLinesConfig.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/cfg/LKFlowConfig.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/cfg/PeopleDetectConfig.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/cfg/PhaseCorrConfig.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/cfg/SegmentObjectsConfig.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/cfg/SimpleFlowConfig.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/cfg/WatershedSegmentationConfig.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/cfg/__init__.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/msg/_Circle.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/msg/_CircleArray.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/msg/_CircleArrayStamped.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/msg/_Contour.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/msg/_ContourArray.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/msg/_ContourArrayStamped.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/msg/_Face.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/msg/_FaceArray.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/msg/_FaceArrayStamped.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/msg/_Flow.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/msg/_FlowArray.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/msg/_FlowArrayStamped.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/msg/_FlowStamped.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/msg/_Line.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/msg/_LineArray.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/msg/_LineArrayStamped.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/msg/_Moment.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/msg/_MomentArray.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/msg/_MomentArrayStamped.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/msg/_Point2D.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/msg/_Point2DArray.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/msg/_Point2DArrayStamped.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/msg/_Point2DStamped.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/msg/_Rect.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/msg/_RectArray.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/msg/_RectArrayStamped.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/msg/_RotatedRect.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/msg/_RotatedRectArray.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/msg/_RotatedRectArrayStamped.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/msg/_RotatedRectStamped.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/msg/_Size.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/opencv_apps/msg/__init__.py  python-opencv-apps: /usr/share/doc/python-opencv-apps/changelog.Debian.gz  python-opencv-apps: /usr/share/doc/python-opencv-apps/copyright  

5. 其它系统

在其它系统中，例如CentOS中，可以用yum whatprovides命令来查询命令所在的包。

原文出处：noahsnail -> http://noahsnail.com/2018/01/12/2018-01-12-Ubuntu%E7%9A%84apt-file%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98/